Review of the Development History of Gyroscopes

The development of gyroscopes has gone through four generations. The typical representatives of the first generation are electrostatic gyroscopes and dynamically tuned gyroscopes. Their characteristics are many types, high precision, large volume and mass, complex system composition structure, performance is restricted by the complexity of mechanical structure and extreme precision, and the product manufacturing and maintenance costs are expensive. The representatives of the second generation are laser gyroscopes and fiber optic gyroscopes. Their characteristics are short response time, large dynamic range, high reliability, strong environmental adaptability, easy maintenance, and long life. The representatives of the third generation are hemispherical resonant gyroscopes and MEMS gyroscopes. Among them, MEMS gyroscopes have the characteristics of small size, light weight, strong environmental adaptability, low price, and easy mass production. They have been widely used in the fields of automobiles and consumer electronics. The representatives of the fourth generation are nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes and atomic interferometer gyroscopes, which are still in the early research stage.